GMAT逻辑假设题解析技巧+例题分析!

假设题，又称assumption题目。属于增强类的一种特殊形式。通常需要寻找一个充分条件，使得文章结论成立。与增强题不同的是增强题是提高可能性，而假设题目是使之成立。

标志性词汇

assumption、an addition premise、depend on

解题思路

寻找与文中逻辑链最相关的条件，且能够使结论成立的选项。

解题步骤

(1)找出原文中的结论

(2)锁定结论，几乎所有正确答案都对结论有影响

(3)原文中有推理漏洞，需要仔细寻找加以支持

(4)预先判断正确选项特征范围

错误答案特征

(1)相反答案(即削弱)

(2)伪装答案——答案加强了一个与原文结论相似的结论

(3)无关答案

正确选项特征

(1)含有”at least one” 或”at least some”是正确的可能性很高用取非”none”检验。

(2)避免选择带有”the primary purpose”, “the top priority”或”the main factor”等宣称是作者最重要观点的词的选项。

(3)注意选项中出现”not”不一定是错误答案，反而defender中经常用到not, no, never等否定词。

注：因果类假设与加强做法类似，即：

(1)排除他因

(2)有因必有果

(3)无因必无果

(4)因果不颠倒

(5)使用的证据或数据真实有效或排除其无效的可能性

例题：OG13-P506-21

In recent years, many cabinetmakers have been winning acclaim as artists. But since furniture must be useful, cabinetmakers must exercise their craft with an eye to the practical utility of their product. For this reason, cabinetmaking is not art.

Which of the following is an assumption that supports drawing the conclusion above from the reason given for that conclusion?

(A) Some furniture is made to be placed in museums, where it will not be used by anyone.

(B) Some cabinetmakers are more concerned than others with the practical utility of the products they produce.

(C) Cabinetmakers should be more concerned with the practical utility of their products than they currently are.

(D) An object is not an art object if its maker pays attention to the object's practical utility.

(E) Artists are not concerned with the monetary value of their products.

解析：

题干：近些年来，很多木工赢得了艺术家的声誉。但是因为家具是要有使用价值的，所以木工主要关注的是他们产品的实用性。因此，木工不能被认为是艺术家。

题目：找出题干结论所依赖的假设条件。

选项A说很多家具被陈列在博物馆而不是拿来被人使用。这实际上是否定了家具的实用价值，是反向逻辑，排除。

选项D，假如作者主要关注产品的使用价值则该产品对象不能称之为艺术品。完全支持了题干逻辑，正确!

E选项说艺术家不在乎他们作品的经济价值，我们这里讨论的点集中在使用价值这个属性上，而经济价值则是完全无关的属性，排除。

例题：OG13-P512-41

Installing scrubbers in smokestacks and switching to cleaner-burning fuel are the two methods available to Northern Power for reducing harmful emissions from its plants. Scrubbers will reduce harmful emissions more than cleaner-burning fuels will. Therefore, by installing scrubbers, Northern Power will be doing the most that can be done to reduce harmful emissions from its plants.

Which of the following is an assumption on. which the argument depends?

(A) Switching to cleaner-burning fuel will not be more expensive than installing scrubbers.

(B) Northern Power can choose from among various kinds of scrubbers, some of which are more effective than others.

(C) Northern Power is not necessarily committed to reducing harmful emissions from its plants.

(D) Harmful emissions from Northern Power's plants cannot be reduced more by using both methods together than by the installation of scrubbers alone.

(E) Aside from harmful emissions from the smokestacks of its plants, the activities of

Northern Power do not cause significant air pollution.

解析：

题干：在烟囱上安装清洁器和转向使用清洁能源是NP公司减排的两种方案，清洁器比清洁能源效果更好，所以只要安装了清洁器，NP就在最大程度上实现了减排。

下面哪一个选项是题目结论所依赖的假设条件。

选项A, 谈成本，无关属性，排除!

选项C，谈减排的必要性，无关属性，排除!

选项D，两种方式同时使用不会在更大程度上实现减排。取反验证，假设两种方式同时使用可以在更大程度上减排那么题干结论被推翻，正确!

选项E，ASIDE FROM HARMFUL EMISSION。。。直接排除!